Copper is essential to all living organisms as a trace mineral. It has been used by humans for 10,000 years and is known to exist on massive stars. It has been used in communication, electronics, architecture, art, industry and one of the few materials known to be anti-microbial.

For over twenty seven years I have explored and experimented with the "Industrial Alchemy" of patinas on copper. Experimenting with chemical recipes and techniques of application, is a interest that I am continually evolving artistically. It is but one more option for color and texture in my palette.